1 Kings 21:10

Authorized King James Version

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And set two men, sons of Belial, before him, to bear witness against him, saying, Thou didst blaspheme God and the king. And then carry him out, and stone him, that he may die.

Original Language Analysis

וְ֠הוֹשִׁיבוּ And set H3427
וְ֠הוֹשִׁיבוּ And set
Strong's: H3427
Word #: 1 of 14
properly, to sit down (specifically as judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to remain; causatively, to settle, to marry
שְׁנַ֨יִם two H8147
שְׁנַ֨יִם two
Strong's: H8147
Word #: 2 of 14
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
אֲנָשִׁ֥ים men H582
אֲנָשִׁ֥ים men
Strong's: H582
Word #: 3 of 14
properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the more dignified h0120); hence, a man in general (singly or collectively)
בְּנֵֽי sons H1121
בְּנֵֽי sons
Strong's: H1121
Word #: 4 of 14
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
בְלִיַּעַל֮ of Belial H1100
בְלִיַּעַל֮ of Belial
Strong's: H1100
Word #: 5 of 14
without profit, worthlessness; by extension, destruction, wickedness
נֶגְדּוֹ֒ H5048
נֶגְדּוֹ֒
Strong's: H5048
Word #: 6 of 14
a front, i.e., part opposite; specifically a counterpart, or mate; usually (adverbial, especially with preposition) over against or before
וִֽיעִדֻ֣הוּ before him to bear witness H5749
וִֽיעִדֻ֣הוּ before him to bear witness
Strong's: H5749
Word #: 7 of 14
to duplicate or repeat; by implication, to protest, testify (as by reiteration); intensively, to encompass, restore (as a sort of reduplication)
לֵאמֹ֔ר against him saying H559
לֵאמֹ֔ר against him saying
Strong's: H559
Word #: 8 of 14
to say (used with great latitude)
בֵּרַ֥כְתָּ Thou didst blaspheme H1288
בֵּרַ֥כְתָּ Thou didst blaspheme
Strong's: H1288
Word #: 9 of 14
to kneel; by implication to bless god (as an act of adoration), and (vice-versa) man (as a benefit); also (by euphemism) to curse (god or the king, as
אֱלֹהִ֖ים God H430
אֱלֹהִ֖ים God
Strong's: H430
Word #: 10 of 14
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
וָמֶ֑לֶךְ and the king H4428
וָמֶ֑לֶךְ and the king
Strong's: H4428
Word #: 11 of 14
a king
וְהֽוֹצִיאֻ֥הוּ And then carry him out H3318
וְהֽוֹצִיאֻ֥הוּ And then carry him out
Strong's: H3318
Word #: 12 of 14
to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proxim
וְסִקְלֻ֖הוּ and stone H5619
וְסִקְלֻ֖הוּ and stone
Strong's: H5619
Word #: 13 of 14
properly, to be weighty; but used only in the sense of lapidation or its contrary (as if a delapidation)
וְיָמֹֽת׃ him that he may die H4191
וְיָמֹֽת׃ him that he may die
Strong's: H4191
Word #: 14 of 14
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill

Analysis & Commentary

And set two men, sons of Belial, before him, to bear witness against him, saying, Thou didst blaspheme God and the king. And then carry him out, and stone him, that he may die.

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of naboth's vineyard, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

Questions for Reflection

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